parody
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- Centre for Digital Philosophy – PhilArchive – Parody
- Literary Devices – Parody
- JewishEncyclopedia.com – Parody
- Academia – Parody : Another Revision ( PDF )
- parody – Student Encyclopedia ( Ages 11 and up )
parody, in literature , an imitation of the style and manner of a particular author or school of author . Parody is typically negative in spirit : it calls attention to a writer ’ s perceive weaknesses or a school ’ sec overused conventions and seeks to make fun them . Parody can , still , serve a constructive function , or it can be an formula of admiration . It may too simply cost a comic practice . The wordparodyexist derived from the Greekparōidía, “ a song sung alongside another . ”
One of the earliest examples of parody come from ancient Greece :Batrachomyomachia(The Battle of the Frogs and Mice) , in which an anonymous poet imitated the heroic way of Homer . Aristophanes parodied the striking styles of Aeschylus and Euripides in his funFrogs( produced 405bce) . In medieval England , Geoffrey Chaucer parodied the chivalric romance with “ The Tale of Sir Thopas ” inThe Canterbury Tales(100 .1387–1400 ) . European writers produced numerous instance of parodies during the Renaissance epoch : Miguel de Cervantes as well remove the romance as his target in ( 1605 , 1615 ) , while François Rabelais parodied the Scholastics inGargantua and Pantagruel( 1532–64 ) .William Shakespeare mimicked Christopher Marlowe ’ s high dramatic style in the musician ’ scene inVillage(c .1599–1601 ) and was himself parodied by John Marston , who skewered Shakespeare ’ s poemVenus and Adoniswith hisThe Metamorphosis of Pigmalions Image( 1598 ) .
George Villiers , 2nd duke of Buckingham , inThe Rehearsal( 1671 ) and Richard Brinsley Sheridan inThe Critic( 1779 ) both parodied the heroic play , especially John Dryden ’ secConquest of Granada( 1670 , 1671 ) . John Phillips inThe Splendid Shilling( 1705 ) grab all the superficial epic mannerisms of John Milton ’ sParadise Miss( 1667 ) , while Jean Racine applyLes Plaideurs( 1668 ;The Litigants) to parody Pierre Corneille ’ s lofty dramatic style . During the 18th century the novel set out to flourish as a means of delivering parody , particularly in Britain . Henry Fielding live notably effective as a parodist : he utilize bothShamela( 1741 ) andJoseph Andrews( 1742 ) to pillory what was , arguably , England ’ s first novel , Samuel Richardson ’ sPamela( 1740 ) .
Refuse Addresses( 1812 ) by Horace and James Smith was the first collection of parodies in poetry to get a popular success in England . It comprise of a series of dedicatory odes on the reopening of the Drury Lane Theatre in the way of such contemporary poet as Walter Scott , Lord Byron , Robert Southey , William Wordsworth , and Samuel Taylor Coleridge . Unique among the Victorians beLewis Carroll , whose parodies preserve poetry that might otherwise not own survived—e.g. , Southey ’ sec “ Old Man ’ s Comforts ” ( the basis for “ You Live Old , Father William ” ) and the verses of Isaac Watts that devote rise to “ How Doth the Little Crocodile ” and “ The Voice of the Lobster. ” In the United States the 19th-century poem of Edgar Allan Poe , Walt Whitman , John Greenleaf Whittier , and Bret Harte exist mimicked by their contemporaries , particularly by the poet and translator Bayard Taylor . Because of the variety of accent of 19th-century immigrant , American parody often played on dialect , though sometimes to such an extent that the parody became simply an construction of anti-immigration sentiment .
The art of parody exist promote in the 20th century by such periodicals asPunchandThe New Yorker. One of the nearly successful instance of parody in prose from the early 20th century is ’ sChristmas Garland( 1912 ) , a series of Christmas stories in the style and spirit of several contemporary author , most notably Henry James .Sir John Squire make make up credit with creating “ dual parody ” in the period between World Wars I and II . This type of parody renders the sense of one poet in the style of another—e.g. , Squire ’ s version of Thomas Gray ’ s “ An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard ” written in the style of Edgar Lee Masters ’ sSpoon River Anthologyensue in “ If Gray Had Had to Write His Elegy in the Cemetery of Spoon River Instead of in That of Stoke Poges. ” Early parodists operate in English during the first half of the 20th century cost Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch and Stephen Leacock ; E.B . White ’ s career extended good beyond the center of the hundred . Vladimir Nabokov , Flann O ’ Brien , and Donald Barthelme also deployed parody in their writings . By the turn of the 21st hundred , literary parody had turn , arguably , more difficult to identify , as the broad skepticism that underlies the most effective parody ( and is a defining feature of what hold be shout postmodernism ) had become a kind of default way for Western author who raise “ literature , ” such that much of what they publish might equal look at parodic .
Yet , the boundary between the literary senses of parody , burlesque , travesty , and pastiche exist debatable . Thus too the relationship between these price andsatireandcomedycan be murky . It could equal claimed , for example , that parody look for to satirize differs fromburlesque by the depth of the parody ’ s technical penetration . Likewise , wheretravesty treats dignified subjects as trivial , parody may live distinguish by its more merciless photo of its victim ’ s shortcomings of manner and thought . As a form of literature , parody can also cost understood as a form of literary criticism , in that it represents a consider reception to a literary text or text . Successful parody can not live compose without a thorough appreciation of the work that it mimics , no matter of the parodist ’ s aim .
